Archive for March 2012

Nearly one month after 17-year-old Trayvon Martin was killed in Sanford, Fla. and with over 1.3 million people having signed a petition calling for the arrest of George Zimmerman, the man who shot Martin, President Obama gave a personal plea for justice and “soul-searching” from the White House lawn this morning.

Here are some of the facts of the case (you can find more facts by clicking on the links or doing your own research): unarmed Trayvon Martin was shot and killed by George Zimmerman, who was a neighborhood watch leader.  Zimmerman had called 9-1-1, describing Martin as “suspicious.”  Zimmerman claimed self-defense, and was found with a bloody nose and wound on the back of his head.   Trayvon Martin’s father lived in the gated community where he was killed.  Florida has what is called a “Stand Your Ground” statute, which authorizes citizens’ use of force in certain circumstances.  No arrest has been made.

Here is what is being debated (again, not exhaustive): if Zimmerman used a racial slur during his 9-1-1 call, if Martin actually attacked Zimmerman or if Zimmerman was actually pursuing Martin, if Zimmerman was under the influence of drugs/alcohol (he was never tested), how well police investigated the case originally.

I’ll admit, a lot of what I read makes me lean towards thinking that George Zimmerman needs to be arrested and tried, at the very least.  But what bothers me about this case and too many other public cases is what we don’t know…and what we may never know.  A lot of people are weighing in on what should happen here.  But that is not the purpose of my blog.  I want to take a moment and reflect theologically on the “what we don’t know” factor and how the Gospel speaks to our ignorance.  So following are a few pieces of “what we don’t know” in this case (and others):

1. What really happened.  This is not to say that there isn’t or won’t be enough evidence to convict George Zimmerman, but we must face the reality as human beings that there are limits to what we can know, and thus limits to our ability to execute justice.  This is not a case where we are wondering who killed Trayvon Martin.  It is a case where we are trying to piece together stories, claims, and various people’s perspectives on why and how it all happened.  The problem in such cases is that people lie, fill in their own blanks, assume, and misinterpret.  Within these realities, I am incredibly thankful that we have a God who knows and a God who cares about justice.  As the author of Hebrews writes, “Nothing in all creation is hidden from God’s sight. Everything is uncovered and laid bare before the eyes of him to whom we must give account.”  In other words, the story of justice in the case of Trayvon Martin and George Zimmerman does not end with the decision of police officers, a judge, and a jury of fallible human beings.  The case is ultimately and forever decided in the throneroom of God, who sees not only events but what is going on in the heart.  God will make all things right, even if we get it wrong.  We are absolutely called to seek justice here and now as the Kingdom of God is a just kingdom, and Jesus tells us to seek and pray for God’s “will to be done on earth as it is in heaven.”  But thanks be to God that we don’t have the last say.

2. The people who signed the petition.  Petitions like the one for Zimmerman’s arrest mean little, in my view.  We do need to hold accountable the people whom we have entrusted with executing justice in our society.  But the online petition is so impersonal and disconnected.  If you really care about justice in this specific case, if you have done your research and believe this is a place you need to speak out, pack up and be a part of one of the rallies, make a phone call, write a personal letter, send money to one of Martin’s advocates.  The online petition is no more than another “Like” click on Facebook, in my opinion.  Of the 1.3 million signers, maybe 1 million of these people care.  Or maybe .3 million of them care.  But we don’t know.  So what does it really mean?  I think the kind of justice God calls us to seek is intended to be a characteristic of a community, not just an abstract ideal.  Divorcing justice from community is what allows us to think we are following God’s call by simply typing our name onto a list.  What ultimately happens is that this “commitment” to seek justice fades as soon as media coverage ends.

3. The people in our own communities.  I am haunted by interviews, again and again in high-profile cases like this one, of people who say something like, “This just isn’t the person we knew” or “We could never have seen it coming.”  Whether Zimmerman is guilty or not, the fact remains that we don’t really know the people in our “communities.”  People who are supposedly experts on Zimmerman mention things like, “He was an altar boy in the Catholic Church” or, from a former neighbor, “[Zimmerman and siblings] were very well behaved.  They didn’t run around loose or anything” (really?).  Very few of our actions are “out of character.”  Almost everything we do is actually “in character”; it’s just not a part of our character that others have taken the time to see.  We are surprised when someone acts out because we are so detached from each other.  We do not take time to know each other’s hearts.  We see the obvious actions (like what neighbor kids do in the yard) and facebook posts and whether someone was in church or not, but none of these really have anything to do with truly knowing someone.  None of these have much to do at all with community.  We watch Dateline or 20/20 and acquaintances of someone who has just killed his wife and kids will say, “He was just a really normal, good guy.”  Based on what?  The evidence at hand states otherwise.  We have one obvious example of our disconnect with people in our community in the Martin case itself.  According to one of Zimmerman’s friends, “He had a passion for the safety of our neighborhood” (at least enough to carry around a 9mm to protect it).  And yet, he didn’t care enough to know the people in his neighborhood, or perhaps Trayvon Martin wouldn’t have been so suspicious. This is why God’s community is about doing life together, being in each other’s homes, asking each other probing questions, challenging each other when we see ways we are not reflecting Christ, and–as dirty a word as it may sound to many of us Protestants–confessing to one another our struggles with sin.  I’m not saying anyone could have predicted that Zimmerman would kill Trayvon Martin, but perhaps we wouldn’t be so “shocked” by these things if we realized how superficially we really know one another.

There are some things we simply cannot know as limited human beings.  For those, we rest in the justice and grace of a sovereign God.  There are some things we can know “dimly, as in a mirror.”  For those, we do the best we can to seek justice and love one another with whatever provisional knowledge we have.  There are also some things that we can know.  For those, we Christians must be diligently attentive to God’s call to community.  Do we ask our spouses, parents, and kids deep questions that get into their hearts?  Do we engage in real life with our church family so that we built intimate relationships of knowing at a heart level?  Do we cultivate community in our neighborhoods so that we can truly “seek the peace and prosperity” of the place God has put us?  If we don’t, we shouldn’t be shocked to see what happens in our communities.  I pray that President Obama’s call for soul-searching extends beyond the laws and people relating to this case itself.  I pray that we would be pursuing deeper, more intimate, more real community–the kind of community for which Jesus pursues with us.


When I was in seminary, one of the things that drove me nuts was when professors would write, “Further explanation” or “More details” on a paper.  You asked me to summarize Church history in 5 pages!  Of course I could have added more!  It’s unfair to have expectations beyond the set limits.  Anyway, I don’t recount these sentiments for my own catharsis, but to make a point.  I’ve been given the opportunity to receive a free copy of Michael WilliamsHow to Read the Bible through the Jesus Lens thanks to Zondervan on the condition that I would read and review the book on my blog along with a number of other bloggers.  And the topic that Dr. Williams is addressing is one that could fill the pages of a bookshelf worth of books: “How does the whole Bible witness to Jesus?”  This is what Dr. Williams calls the “Jesus Lens.”  Pointing to John 5:39 and Luke 24:27, Dr. Williams asserts, “Reading the Bible through the Jesus lens is reading it the way it was intended.”  To show how all 66 of the Bible’s books point to Jesus is quite a task.  So as I review the book, I am going to try to keep in mind my seminary experiences and the size of the task at hand in order to be fair and helpful.

For starters, I really appreciate the idea of the book.  Dr. Williams is clearly writing to Christians who believe that the whole Bible points to Jesus.  (I do, in fact, believe this.  The reason I signed up for the blog tour was because I was preaching on this idea right around the time I received notice of the book).  Particularly, he seeks to provide a resource for Christians regardless of how theologically trained they are, and I think he achieves his goal of “avoid[ing] the usual dry, data-intensive introduction to the Bible…” (p. 9).  Dr. Williams has written a quite accessible, easy-to-read book.

One of the other aspects of the book I appreciated was the effort to illustrate what all the Bible’s talk about Jesus means for us.  This, for me, was an unexpected and pleasant surprise.  Dr. Williams doesn’t let the reader settle for having knowledge about the Bible and Jesus.  He rightly takes the next step to “consider what the fulfillment in Christ must necessarily entail for believers, who are being conformed to his likeness” (p. 10).  So I applaud Dr. Williams for this approach.

Yet, as I worked my way through the book and listened to Dr. Williams apply the “Jesus Lens” to each book of the Bible, I could not get past a feeling of disappointment.  So I decided to apply the words I offer couples in Marriage Preparation sessions: disappointment often comes from expectations, examine your expectations.  What was I expecting of this book that contributed to my disappointment?  And were they fair expectations?  Well, part of my excitement about The Jesus Lens stemmed from my enthusiasm for the other books in the “How to Read the Bible…” series, in particular Gordon Fee and Douglas Stuart’s How to Read the Bible Book by Book.  This book resides in our church library, on my shelf, and in the collections of numerous congregants who have acted on my recommendation of it.  Book by Book–about 180 pages longer than The Jesus Lens–points out the basics of each biblical book (author, date, main themes, etc.) and then summarize the structure of each book.  I find Book by Book–while perhaps a bit “dry” and “data-intensive”–to be an incredibly valuable reference material for lay people.  That’s what I was expecting from Jesus Lens: a reference material that would equip people for personal Bible study, that small group leaders could print off before they entered into a new study, and a resource that would give people categories to understand the Christ-centered direction of the Scriptures. My disappointment, I think, came when I realized that The Jesus Lens read more like a devotional or sermon.

For instance, instead of developing categories for how the Bible points to Jesus, The Jesus Lens takes one overarching theme from each book (many of which are debatable) and finds a New Testament texts that make the same point about Jesus.  For me, the problem with this is it leaves a number of curious omissions: no connection of the Passover in Exodus to Jesus, minimal reference to how genealogies shape the Story, no allusion to messianic Psalms, no discussion of how the structure of Acts presents the life of the Church as a mirror of the life of Jesus in Luke, no note of the Christ Hymn in Philippians 2, and no hint that John’s Gospel presents Jesus as the fulfillment of numerous Old Testament events and symbols (ie. Passover Lamb, templebronze serpentManna, the Water and Light at the Feast of Tabernacles,  Shepherd, etc.).   In fact, in the Pentateuch (Genesis-Deuteronomy) chapters, there are as many quotations from Romans 7 as from the Gospels.  All of these are confusing to me as they are Christ-centered moments of the Scriptures that I would want Bible readers and small group leaders to pick up on with the help of a resource like The Jesus Lens.

Since each blogger has agreed to focus on a particular section of the Bible, I’ll show more what I mean (plusses and minuses) as I focus on the prophetic books:

  • Some of the prophetic books were some of the The Jesus Lens’ best chapters, in my opinion.  For instance, Amos might have been my favorite in the whole book.  Part of the reason was its connection to a Gospel (Matthew).  Dr. Williams showed how Amos’ oracles against false religion are connected to Jesus’ heart focus in his Kingdom Community vision in the Sermon on the Mount and in the holistic nature of Jesus’ ministry (proclamation, compassion, healing).  Habakkuk and Malachi were other high notes for me, partly because they emphasized Jesus as the Revelation of God, not just how Jesus benefited us.
  • In part, the above books stood out–in my opinion–because too much of the rest of the book is using a “Substitutionary Atonement/Imputation Lens” instead of a “Jesus Lens.”  Now, I am a subscriber to Substitutionary Atonement (Jesus took on the death-punishment I deserved for my sins, so that I could be forgiven and live out Christ’s life) as a valid interpretation of the Cross.  But I do think this understanding of Jesus’ life and death can be overemphasized.  The overemphasis shows up in Hosea, a book about God’s almost unbelievable mercy and faithfulness, when Dr. Williams writes, “We may take comfort in knowing that the faithfulness of Jesus is counted as our own” (p. 115-116).  Yes, I believe it is.  But it would have seemed less forced to me to say, “We may take comfort in knowing that the Cross shows God’s faithfulness to us even when we have been unfaithful to him.” (See also Proverbs, “[Jesus] is the wise one whose wisdom is credited to us before God…” [p. 80])
  • Isaiah is a long book; so here I tread lightly in seeking to be fair.  In the “Jesus Lens” section of the chapter, however, Dr. Williams chooses only to focus on Jesus as the Immanuel (God with Us) of Isaiah 7:14 and Matthew 1:23.  I agree with this connection, but it is an extremely limited way of connecting Isaiah to Christ.  I was rather shocked that Isaiah 61:1-3  (a passage that Jesus reads and applies to himself!), was completely neglected both in chapters on Isaiah and Luke.  Isaiah 52-53 is mentioned, but not in the “Jesus Lens” section, even though it would have been a far more natural link to Jesus’ sacrificial death than other links proposed in the book.  Isaiah (alongside the Psalms) is a clear illustration of where I think Dr. Williams’ approach (choosing one theme per book to apply to Jesus) falls short of truly equipping the reader with a Jesus lens.  And this leads me to my final thoughts…

How to Read the Bible through the Jesus Lens succeeds in its emphasis on application (not just information), its structure (background-theme-Jesus Lens-application), and its readability.  At the same time, it is not what I was hoping for.  I was hoping for a book that captured the rich, subtle, brilliant, artistic, and decidedly storied ways the Scriptures point to Christ, an accessible but more comprehensive resource for Bible-readers to understand the Christ-focus of the Bible.  In other words, something more like what Fee and Stuart have done in Book by Book.  Dr. Williams offers a more devotional book.  It is a better read from cover to cover than Book by Book, but I don’t think it is as valuable of a reference material.  The category shift to “reference material” would have allowed a little more space (Book by Book is longer, but it still allows someone who wants to better understand a book to get lots of help in 4-12 pages), the option of bullet-pointing some of the diverse ways the Scriptures point to Christ, and introducing some new language that would give Bible-readers some new categories with which to discover Jesus in their Bible reading.

We do have some great materials out there for people who want to understand how the Bible’s pieces fit together to reveal a picture of Jesus.  Not least among these is Sally Lloyd-Jones’ Jesus Storybook Bible (super accessible) and Graeme Goldsworthy’s According to Plan (a bit more academic than The Jesus Lens).  How to Read the Bible through the Jesus Lens will be added to this collection.  But I’m still looking for that resource that goes both deeper and broader into the Christ-focus of the Bible’s Story for the average Bible reader.

Discussion with Dr. Williams on his book: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=98Xzvun5ae0